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Impersonal verb
In linguistics, an impersonal verb is one that has no determinate subject. For example, in the sentence "''It rains''", ''rain'' is an impersonal verb and the pronoun ''it'' does not refer to anything. In many languages the verb takes a third person singular inflection and often appears with an expletive subject. In the active voice, impersonal verbs can be used to express operation of nature, mental distress, and acts with no reference to the do-er.〔Loureiro-Porto, L. (2010). A Review of Early English Impersonals: Evidence from Necessity Verbs. English Studies, 91(6), 674-699.〕 Impersonal verbs are also called ''weather verbs'' because they frequently appear in the context of weather description.〔(''tex's French grammar'' ). Retrieved on 12 March 2012.〕
==Valency==
Impersonal verbs appear only as infinitives or with third-person inflection(s).〔Blevins, J. P. (2003). Passives and impersonals. Journal Of Linguistics, 39(3), 473-520.〕 In the third person, the subject is either implied or a dummy referring to people in general. The term "impersonal" simply means that the verb does not change according to grammatical person. In terms of valency, impersonal verbs are often avalent, as they often lack semantic arguments. In the sentence ''It rains'', the pronoun ''it'' is a dummy subject; it is merely a syntactic placeholder - it has no concrete referent. In many other languages, there would be no subject at all. In Spanish, for example, ''It is raining'' could be expressed as simply ''llueve''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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